Stem Cell Approaches for Diabetes: Beta Cell Replacement

Paper ID: EIJTEM_2017_4_4_18-22

Author's Name: Alok Kumar and Shweta Shah Sonar

Volume: 4

Issue: 4

Year: 2017

Page No: 18-22

Abstract:

Stem cells are great promise for the pancreatic beta cell replacement therapy for diabetes patients. In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells are mostly destroyed. In type 2 diabetes beta cell numbers are reduced by 40% to 60%. The proof-of-principle is that cellular transplants of pancreatic islets .That contain insulin-secreting beta cells, which help to reverse the hyperglycemia of type 1 diabetes which has been established. Now it has to find an adequate source of islet cells. Human embryonic stem cells is directed to become fully developed beta cells. There is expectation which induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. That can be similarly directed. iPS cells also be generated from patients with diabetes which used to study of the genomics and pathogenesis of the disease. Sometimes alternative approaches are replacing beta cells .It is used to find a new way to enhance the replication of existing beta cells, stimulating neogenesis and reprogramming of pancreatic exocrine cells which are insulin-producing cells. Stem-cell-based approaches also used for modulation of the immune system in type 1 diabetes, and to address the problems of obesity where insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Herein, we conclude recent advances in our understanding of diabetes and beta cell biology at the genomic level. We discuss how stem-cell-based approaches might be used for replacing beta cells and for treating diabetes.

Keywords: Beta Cell, Embryonic Stem Cell, Islet, Islet Regeneration

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